<?php

namespace PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation;

use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\Date;

class Financial
{
    const FINANCIAL_MAX_ITERATIONS = 32;

    const FINANCIAL_PRECISION = 1.0e-08;

    /**
     * isLastDayOfMonth.
     *
     * Returns a boolean TRUE/FALSE indicating if this date is the last date of the month
     *
     * @param \DateTime $testDate The date for testing
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    private static function isLastDayOfMonth(\DateTime $testDate)
    {
        return $testDate->format('d') == $testDate->format('t');
    }

    private static function couponFirstPeriodDate($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $next)
    {
        $months = 12 / $frequency;

        $result = Date::excelToDateTimeObject($maturity);
        $eom = self::isLastDayOfMonth($result);

        while ($settlement < Date::PHPToExcel($result)) {
            $result->modify('-' . $months . ' months');
        }
        if ($next) {
            $result->modify('+' . $months . ' months');
        }

        if ($eom) {
            $result->modify('-1 day');
        }

        return Date::PHPToExcel($result);
    }

    private static function isValidFrequency($frequency)
    {
        if (($frequency == 1) || ($frequency == 2) || ($frequency == 4)) {
            return true;
        }
        if ((Functions::getCompatibilityMode() == Functions::COMPATIBILITY_GNUMERIC) &&
            (($frequency == 6) || ($frequency == 12))) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * daysPerYear.
     *
     * Returns the number of days in a specified year, as defined by the "basis" value
     *
     * @param int|string $year The year against which we're testing
     * @param int|string $basis The type of day count:
     *                                    0 or omitted US (NASD)    360
     *                                    1                        Actual (365 or 366 in a leap year)
     *                                    2                        360
     *                                    3                        365
     *                                    4                        European 360
     *
     * @return int
     */
    private static function daysPerYear($year, $basis = 0)
    {
        switch ($basis) {
            case 0:
            case 2:
            case 4:
                $daysPerYear = 360;

                break;
            case 3:
                $daysPerYear = 365;

                break;
            case 1:
                $daysPerYear = (DateTime::isLeapYear($year)) ? 366 : 365;

                break;
            default:
                return Functions::NAN();
        }

        return $daysPerYear;
    }

    private static function interestAndPrincipal($rate = 0, $per = 0, $nper = 0, $pv = 0, $fv = 0, $type = 0)
    {
        $pmt = self::PMT($rate, $nper, $pv, $fv, $type);
        $capital = $pv;
        for ($i = 1; $i <= $per; ++$i) {
            $interest = ($type && $i == 1) ? 0 : -$capital * $rate;
            $principal = $pmt - $interest;
            $capital += $principal;
        }

        return [$interest, $principal];
    }

    /**
     * ACCRINT.
     *
     * Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        ACCRINT(issue,firstinterest,settlement,rate,par,frequency[,basis])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param mixed $issue the security's issue date
     * @param mixed $firstinterest the security's first interest date
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                    The security settlement date is the date after the issue date
     *                                    when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param float $rate the security's annual coupon rate
     * @param float $par The security's par value.
     *                                    If you omit par, ACCRINT uses $1,000.
     * @param int $frequency the number of coupon payments per year.
     *                                    Valid frequency values are:
     *                                        1    Annual
     *                                        2    Semi-Annual
     *                                        4    Quarterly
     *                                    If working in Gnumeric Mode, the following frequency options are
     *                                    also available
     *                                        6    Bimonthly
     *                                        12    Monthly
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function ACCRINT($issue, $firstinterest, $settlement, $rate, $par = 1000, $frequency = 1, $basis = 0)
    {
        $issue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($issue);
        $firstinterest = Functions::flattenSingleValue($firstinterest);
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $par = ($par === null) ? 1000 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($par);
        $frequency = ($frequency === null) ? 1 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        //    Validate
        if ((is_numeric($rate)) && (is_numeric($par))) {
            $rate = (float) $rate;
            $par = (float) $par;
            if (($rate <= 0) || ($par <= 0)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement = DateTime::YEARFRAC($issue, $settlement, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement;
            }

            return $par * $rate * $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement;
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * ACCRINTM.
     *
     * Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        ACCRINTM(issue,settlement,rate[,par[,basis]])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param mixed $issue The security's issue date
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement (or maturity) date
     * @param float $rate The security's annual coupon rate
     * @param float $par The security's par value.
     *                                    If you omit par, ACCRINT uses $1,000.
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function ACCRINTM($issue, $settlement, $rate, $par = 1000, $basis = 0)
    {
        $issue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($issue);
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $par = ($par === null) ? 1000 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($par);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        //    Validate
        if ((is_numeric($rate)) && (is_numeric($par))) {
            $rate = (float) $rate;
            $par = (float) $par;
            if (($rate <= 0) || ($par <= 0)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement = DateTime::YEARFRAC($issue, $settlement, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement;
            }

            return $par * $rate * $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement;
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * AMORDEGRC.
     *
     * Returns the depreciation for each accounting period.
     * This function is provided for the French accounting system. If an asset is purchased in
     * the middle of the accounting period, the prorated depreciation is taken into account.
     * The function is similar to AMORLINC, except that a depreciation coefficient is applied in
     * the calculation depending on the life of the assets.
     * This function will return the depreciation until the last period of the life of the assets
     * or until the cumulated value of depreciation is greater than the cost of the assets minus
     * the salvage value.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        AMORDEGRC(cost,purchased,firstPeriod,salvage,period,rate[,basis])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $cost The cost of the asset
     * @param mixed $purchased Date of the purchase of the asset
     * @param mixed $firstPeriod Date of the end of the first period
     * @param mixed $salvage The salvage value at the end of the life of the asset
     * @param float $period The period
     * @param float $rate Rate of depreciation
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function AMORDEGRC($cost, $purchased, $firstPeriod, $salvage, $period, $rate, $basis = 0)
    {
        $cost = Functions::flattenSingleValue($cost);
        $purchased = Functions::flattenSingleValue($purchased);
        $firstPeriod = Functions::flattenSingleValue($firstPeriod);
        $salvage = Functions::flattenSingleValue($salvage);
        $period = floor(Functions::flattenSingleValue($period));
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        //    The depreciation coefficients are:
        //    Life of assets (1/rate)        Depreciation coefficient
        //    Less than 3 years            1
        //    Between 3 and 4 years        1.5
        //    Between 5 and 6 years        2
        //    More than 6 years            2.5
        $fUsePer = 1.0 / $rate;
        if ($fUsePer < 3.0) {
            $amortiseCoeff = 1.0;
        } elseif ($fUsePer < 5.0) {
            $amortiseCoeff = 1.5;
        } elseif ($fUsePer <= 6.0) {
            $amortiseCoeff = 2.0;
        } else {
            $amortiseCoeff = 2.5;
        }

        $rate *= $amortiseCoeff;
        $fNRate = round(DateTime::YEARFRAC($purchased, $firstPeriod, $basis) * $rate * $cost, 0);
        $cost -= $fNRate;
        $fRest = $cost - $salvage;

        for ($n = 0; $n < $period; ++$n) {
            $fNRate = round($rate * $cost, 0);
            $fRest -= $fNRate;

            if ($fRest < 0.0) {
                switch ($period - $n) {
                    case 0:
                    case 1:
                        return round($cost * 0.5, 0);
                    default:
                        return 0.0;
                }
            }
            $cost -= $fNRate;
        }

        return $fNRate;
    }

    /**
     * AMORLINC.
     *
     * Returns the depreciation for each accounting period.
     * This function is provided for the French accounting system. If an asset is purchased in
     * the middle of the accounting period, the prorated depreciation is taken into account.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        AMORLINC(cost,purchased,firstPeriod,salvage,period,rate[,basis])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $cost The cost of the asset
     * @param mixed $purchased Date of the purchase of the asset
     * @param mixed $firstPeriod Date of the end of the first period
     * @param mixed $salvage The salvage value at the end of the life of the asset
     * @param float $period The period
     * @param float $rate Rate of depreciation
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function AMORLINC($cost, $purchased, $firstPeriod, $salvage, $period, $rate, $basis = 0)
    {
        $cost = Functions::flattenSingleValue($cost);
        $purchased = Functions::flattenSingleValue($purchased);
        $firstPeriod = Functions::flattenSingleValue($firstPeriod);
        $salvage = Functions::flattenSingleValue($salvage);
        $period = Functions::flattenSingleValue($period);
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        $fOneRate = $cost * $rate;
        $fCostDelta = $cost - $salvage;
        //    Note, quirky variation for leap years on the YEARFRAC for this function
        $purchasedYear = DateTime::YEAR($purchased);
        $yearFrac = DateTime::YEARFRAC($purchased, $firstPeriod, $basis);

        if (($basis == 1) && ($yearFrac < 1) && (DateTime::isLeapYear($purchasedYear))) {
            $yearFrac *= 365 / 366;
        }

        $f0Rate = $yearFrac * $rate * $cost;
        $nNumOfFullPeriods = (int) (($cost - $salvage - $f0Rate) / $fOneRate);

        if ($period == 0) {
            return $f0Rate;
        } elseif ($period <= $nNumOfFullPeriods) {
            return $fOneRate;
        } elseif ($period == ($nNumOfFullPeriods + 1)) {
            return $fCostDelta - $fOneRate * $nNumOfFullPeriods - $f0Rate;
        }

        return 0.0;
    }

    /**
     * COUPDAYBS.
     *
     * Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        COUPDAYBS(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security settlement date is the date after the issue
     *                                date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param int $frequency the number of coupon payments per year.
     *                                    Valid frequency values are:
     *                                        1    Annual
     *                                        2    Semi-Annual
     *                                        4    Quarterly
     *                                    If working in Gnumeric Mode, the following frequency options are
     *                                    also available
     *                                        6    Bimonthly
     *                                        12    Monthly
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function COUPDAYBS($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $frequency = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        if (is_string($settlement = DateTime::getDateValue($settlement))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        if (is_string($maturity = DateTime::getDateValue($maturity))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        if (($settlement >= $maturity) ||
            (!self::isValidFrequency($frequency)) ||
            (($basis < 0) || ($basis > 4))) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        $daysPerYear = self::daysPerYear(DateTime::YEAR($settlement), $basis);
        $prev = self::couponFirstPeriodDate($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, false);

        return DateTime::YEARFRAC($prev, $settlement, $basis) * $daysPerYear;
    }

    /**
     * COUPDAYS.
     *
     * Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        COUPDAYS(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security settlement date is the date after the issue
     *                                date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param mixed $frequency the number of coupon payments per year.
     *                                    Valid frequency values are:
     *                                        1    Annual
     *                                        2    Semi-Annual
     *                                        4    Quarterly
     *                                    If working in Gnumeric Mode, the following frequency options are
     *                                    also available
     *                                        6    Bimonthly
     *                                        12    Monthly
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function COUPDAYS($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $frequency = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        if (is_string($settlement = DateTime::getDateValue($settlement))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        if (is_string($maturity = DateTime::getDateValue($maturity))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        if (($settlement >= $maturity) ||
            (!self::isValidFrequency($frequency)) ||
            (($basis < 0) || ($basis > 4))) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        switch ($basis) {
            case 3:
                // Actual/365
                return 365 / $frequency;
            case 1:
                // Actual/actual
                if ($frequency == 1) {
                    $daysPerYear = self::daysPerYear(DateTime::YEAR($settlement), $basis);

                    return $daysPerYear / $frequency;
                }
                $prev = self::couponFirstPeriodDate($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, false);
                $next = self::couponFirstPeriodDate($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, true);

                return $next - $prev;
            default:
                // US (NASD) 30/360, Actual/360 or European 30/360
                return 360 / $frequency;
        }
    }

    /**
     * COUPDAYSNC.
     *
     * Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        COUPDAYSNC(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security settlement date is the date after the issue
     *                                date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param mixed $frequency the number of coupon payments per year.
     *                                    Valid frequency values are:
     *                                        1    Annual
     *                                        2    Semi-Annual
     *                                        4    Quarterly
     *                                    If working in Gnumeric Mode, the following frequency options are
     *                                    also available
     *                                        6    Bimonthly
     *                                        12    Monthly
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function COUPDAYSNC($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $frequency = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        if (is_string($settlement = DateTime::getDateValue($settlement))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        if (is_string($maturity = DateTime::getDateValue($maturity))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        if (($settlement >= $maturity) ||
            (!self::isValidFrequency($frequency)) ||
            (($basis < 0) || ($basis > 4))) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        $daysPerYear = self::daysPerYear(DateTime::YEAR($settlement), $basis);
        $next = self::couponFirstPeriodDate($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, true);

        return DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $next, $basis) * $daysPerYear;
    }

    /**
     * COUPNCD.
     *
     * Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        COUPNCD(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security settlement date is the date after the issue
     *                                date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param mixed $frequency the number of coupon payments per year.
     *                                    Valid frequency values are:
     *                                        1    Annual
     *                                        2    Semi-Annual
     *                                        4    Quarterly
     *                                    If working in Gnumeric Mode, the following frequency options are
     *                                    also available
     *                                        6    Bimonthly
     *                                        12    Monthly
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return mixed Excel date/time serial value, PHP date/time serial value or PHP date/time object,
     *                        depending on the value of the ReturnDateType flag
     */
    public static function COUPNCD($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $frequency = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        if (is_string($settlement = DateTime::getDateValue($settlement))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        if (is_string($maturity = DateTime::getDateValue($maturity))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        if (($settlement >= $maturity) ||
            (!self::isValidFrequency($frequency)) ||
            (($basis < 0) || ($basis > 4))) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        return self::couponFirstPeriodDate($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, true);
    }

    /**
     * COUPNUM.
     *
     * Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date,
     * rounded up to the nearest whole coupon.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        COUPNUM(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security settlement date is the date after the issue
     *                                date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param mixed $frequency the number of coupon payments per year.
     *                                    Valid frequency values are:
     *                                        1    Annual
     *                                        2    Semi-Annual
     *                                        4    Quarterly
     *                                    If working in Gnumeric Mode, the following frequency options are
     *                                    also available
     *                                        6    Bimonthly
     *                                        12    Monthly
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return int|string
     */
    public static function COUPNUM($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $frequency = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        if (is_string($settlement = DateTime::getDateValue($settlement))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        if (is_string($maturity = DateTime::getDateValue($maturity))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        if (($settlement >= $maturity) ||
            (!self::isValidFrequency($frequency)) ||
            (($basis < 0) || ($basis > 4))) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        $daysPerYear = self::daysPerYear(DateTime::YEAR($settlement), $basis);
        $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity, $basis) * $daysPerYear;

        switch ($frequency) {
            case 1: // annual payments
            case 2: // half-yearly
            case 4: // quarterly
            case 6: // bimonthly
            case 12: // monthly
                return ceil($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity / $daysPerYear * $frequency);
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * COUPPCD.
     *
     * Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        COUPPCD(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security settlement date is the date after the issue
     *                                date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param mixed $frequency the number of coupon payments per year.
     *                                    Valid frequency values are:
     *                                        1    Annual
     *                                        2    Semi-Annual
     *                                        4    Quarterly
     *                                    If working in Gnumeric Mode, the following frequency options are
     *                                    also available
     *                                        6    Bimonthly
     *                                        12    Monthly
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return mixed Excel date/time serial value, PHP date/time serial value or PHP date/time object,
     *                        depending on the value of the ReturnDateType flag
     */
    public static function COUPPCD($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $frequency = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        if (is_string($settlement = DateTime::getDateValue($settlement))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        if (is_string($maturity = DateTime::getDateValue($maturity))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        if (($settlement >= $maturity) ||
            (!self::isValidFrequency($frequency)) ||
            (($basis < 0) || ($basis > 4))) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        return self::couponFirstPeriodDate($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, false);
    }

    /**
     * CUMIPMT.
     *
     * Returns the cumulative interest paid on a loan between the start and end periods.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        CUMIPMT(rate,nper,pv,start,end[,type])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $rate The Interest rate
     * @param int $nper The total number of payment periods
     * @param float $pv Present Value
     * @param int $start The first period in the calculation.
     *                            Payment periods are numbered beginning with 1.
     * @param int $end the last period in the calculation
     * @param int $type A number 0 or 1 and indicates when payments are due:
     *                                0 or omitted    At the end of the period.
     *                                1                At the beginning of the period.
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function CUMIPMT($rate, $nper, $pv, $start, $end, $type = 0)
    {
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $nper = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($nper);
        $pv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pv);
        $start = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($start);
        $end = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($end);
        $type = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($type != 0 && $type != 1) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }
        if ($start < 1 || $start > $end) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        // Calculate
        $interest = 0;
        for ($per = $start; $per <= $end; ++$per) {
            $interest += self::IPMT($rate, $per, $nper, $pv, 0, $type);
        }

        return $interest;
    }

    /**
     * CUMPRINC.
     *
     * Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between the start and end periods.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        CUMPRINC(rate,nper,pv,start,end[,type])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $rate The Interest rate
     * @param int $nper The total number of payment periods
     * @param float $pv Present Value
     * @param int $start The first period in the calculation.
     *                            Payment periods are numbered beginning with 1.
     * @param int $end the last period in the calculation
     * @param int $type A number 0 or 1 and indicates when payments are due:
     *                                0 or omitted    At the end of the period.
     *                                1                At the beginning of the period.
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function CUMPRINC($rate, $nper, $pv, $start, $end, $type = 0)
    {
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $nper = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($nper);
        $pv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pv);
        $start = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($start);
        $end = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($end);
        $type = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($type != 0 && $type != 1) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }
        if ($start < 1 || $start > $end) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        // Calculate
        $principal = 0;
        for ($per = $start; $per <= $end; ++$per) {
            $principal += self::PPMT($rate, $per, $nper, $pv, 0, $type);
        }

        return $principal;
    }

    /**
     * DB.
     *
     * Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the
     * fixed-declining balance method.
     * This form of depreciation is used if you want to get a higher depreciation value
     * at the beginning of the depreciation (as opposed to linear depreciation). The
     * depreciation value is reduced with every depreciation period by the depreciation
     * already deducted from the initial cost.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        DB(cost,salvage,life,period[,month])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $cost Initial cost of the asset
     * @param float $salvage Value at the end of the depreciation.
     *                                (Sometimes called the salvage value of the asset)
     * @param int $life Number of periods over which the asset is depreciated.
     *                                (Sometimes called the useful life of the asset)
     * @param int $period The period for which you want to calculate the
     *                                depreciation. Period must use the same units as life.
     * @param int $month Number of months in the first year. If month is omitted,
     *                                it defaults to 12.
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function DB($cost, $salvage, $life, $period, $month = 12)
    {
        $cost = Functions::flattenSingleValue($cost);
        $salvage = Functions::flattenSingleValue($salvage);
        $life = Functions::flattenSingleValue($life);
        $period = Functions::flattenSingleValue($period);
        $month = Functions::flattenSingleValue($month);

        //    Validate
        if ((is_numeric($cost)) && (is_numeric($salvage)) && (is_numeric($life)) && (is_numeric($period)) && (is_numeric($month))) {
            $cost = (float) $cost;
            $salvage = (float) $salvage;
            $life = (int) $life;
            $period = (int) $period;
            $month = (int) $month;
            if ($cost == 0) {
                return 0.0;
            } elseif (($cost < 0) || (($salvage / $cost) < 0) || ($life <= 0) || ($period < 1) || ($month < 1)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            //    Set Fixed Depreciation Rate
            $fixedDepreciationRate = 1 - pow(($salvage / $cost), (1 / $life));
            $fixedDepreciationRate = round($fixedDepreciationRate, 3);

            //    Loop through each period calculating the depreciation
            $previousDepreciation = 0;
            for ($per = 1; $per <= $period; ++$per) {
                if ($per == 1) {
                    $depreciation = $cost * $fixedDepreciationRate * $month / 12;
                } elseif ($per == ($life + 1)) {
                    $depreciation = ($cost - $previousDepreciation) * $fixedDepreciationRate * (12 - $month) / 12;
                } else {
                    $depreciation = ($cost - $previousDepreciation) * $fixedDepreciationRate;
                }
                $previousDepreciation += $depreciation;
            }
            if (Functions::getCompatibilityMode() == Functions::COMPATIBILITY_GNUMERIC) {
                $depreciation = round($depreciation, 2);
            }

            return $depreciation;
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * DDB.
     *
     * Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the
     * double-declining balance method or some other method you specify.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        DDB(cost,salvage,life,period[,factor])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $cost Initial cost of the asset
     * @param float $salvage Value at the end of the depreciation.
     *                                (Sometimes called the salvage value of the asset)
     * @param int $life Number of periods over which the asset is depreciated.
     *                                (Sometimes called the useful life of the asset)
     * @param int $period The period for which you want to calculate the
     *                                depreciation. Period must use the same units as life.
     * @param float $factor The rate at which the balance declines.
     *                                If factor is omitted, it is assumed to be 2 (the
     *                                double-declining balance method).
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function DDB($cost, $salvage, $life, $period, $factor = 2.0)
    {
        $cost = Functions::flattenSingleValue($cost);
        $salvage = Functions::flattenSingleValue($salvage);
        $life = Functions::flattenSingleValue($life);
        $period = Functions::flattenSingleValue($period);
        $factor = Functions::flattenSingleValue($factor);

        //    Validate
        if ((is_numeric($cost)) && (is_numeric($salvage)) && (is_numeric($life)) && (is_numeric($period)) && (is_numeric($factor))) {
            $cost = (float) $cost;
            $salvage = (float) $salvage;
            $life = (int) $life;
            $period = (int) $period;
            $factor = (float) $factor;
            if (($cost <= 0) || (($salvage / $cost) < 0) || ($life <= 0) || ($period < 1) || ($factor <= 0.0) || ($period > $life)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            //    Set Fixed Depreciation Rate
            $fixedDepreciationRate = 1 - pow(($salvage / $cost), (1 / $life));
            $fixedDepreciationRate = round($fixedDepreciationRate, 3);

            //    Loop through each period calculating the depreciation
            $previousDepreciation = 0;
            for ($per = 1; $per <= $period; ++$per) {
                $depreciation = min(($cost - $previousDepreciation) * ($factor / $life), ($cost - $salvage - $previousDepreciation));
                $previousDepreciation += $depreciation;
            }
            if (Functions::getCompatibilityMode() == Functions::COMPATIBILITY_GNUMERIC) {
                $depreciation = round($depreciation, 2);
            }

            return $depreciation;
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * DISC.
     *
     * Returns the discount rate for a security.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        DISC(settlement,maturity,price,redemption[,basis])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security settlement date is the date after the issue
     *                                date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param int $price The security's price per $100 face value
     * @param int $redemption The security's redemption value per $100 face value
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function DISC($settlement, $maturity, $price, $redemption, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $price = Functions::flattenSingleValue($price);
        $redemption = Functions::flattenSingleValue($redemption);
        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        //    Validate
        if ((is_numeric($price)) && (is_numeric($redemption)) && (is_numeric($basis))) {
            $price = (float) $price;
            $redemption = (float) $redemption;
            $basis = (int) $basis;
            if (($price <= 0) || ($redemption <= 0)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity;
            }

            return (1 - $price / $redemption) / $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity;
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * DOLLARDE.
     *
     * Converts a dollar price expressed as an integer part and a fraction
     *        part into a dollar price expressed as a decimal number.
     * Fractional dollar numbers are sometimes used for security prices.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        DOLLARDE(fractional_dollar,fraction)
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $fractional_dollar Fractional Dollar
     * @param int $fraction Fraction
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function DOLLARDE($fractional_dollar = null, $fraction = 0)
    {
        $fractional_dollar = Functions::flattenSingleValue($fractional_dollar);
        $fraction = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($fraction);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($fractional_dollar === null || $fraction < 0) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }
        if ($fraction == 0) {
            return Functions::DIV0();
        }

        $dollars = floor($fractional_dollar);
        $cents = fmod($fractional_dollar, 1);
        $cents /= $fraction;
        $cents *= pow(10, ceil(log10($fraction)));

        return $dollars + $cents;
    }

    /**
     * DOLLARFR.
     *
     * Converts a dollar price expressed as a decimal number into a dollar price
     *        expressed as a fraction.
     * Fractional dollar numbers are sometimes used for security prices.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        DOLLARFR(decimal_dollar,fraction)
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $decimal_dollar Decimal Dollar
     * @param int $fraction Fraction
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function DOLLARFR($decimal_dollar = null, $fraction = 0)
    {
        $decimal_dollar = Functions::flattenSingleValue($decimal_dollar);
        $fraction = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($fraction);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($decimal_dollar === null || $fraction < 0) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }
        if ($fraction == 0) {
            return Functions::DIV0();
        }

        $dollars = floor($decimal_dollar);
        $cents = fmod($decimal_dollar, 1);
        $cents *= $fraction;
        $cents *= pow(10, -ceil(log10($fraction)));

        return $dollars + $cents;
    }

    /**
     * EFFECT.
     *
     * Returns the effective interest rate given the nominal rate and the number of
     *        compounding payments per year.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        EFFECT(nominal_rate,npery)
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $nominal_rate Nominal interest rate
     * @param int $npery Number of compounding payments per year
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function EFFECT($nominal_rate = 0, $npery = 0)
    {
        $nominal_rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($nominal_rate);
        $npery = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($npery);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($nominal_rate <= 0 || $npery < 1) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        return pow((1 + $nominal_rate / $npery), $npery) - 1;
    }

    /**
     * FV.
     *
     * Returns the Future Value of a cash flow with constant payments and interest rate (annuities).
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        FV(rate,nper,pmt[,pv[,type]])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $rate The interest rate per period
     * @param int $nper Total number of payment periods in an annuity
     * @param float $pmt The payment made each period: it cannot change over the
     *                            life of the annuity. Typically, pmt contains principal
     *                            and interest but no other fees or taxes.
     * @param float $pv present Value, or the lump-sum amount that a series of
     *                            future payments is worth right now
     * @param int $type A number 0 or 1 and indicates when payments are due:
     *                                0 or omitted    At the end of the period.
     *                                1                At the beginning of the period.
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function FV($rate = 0, $nper = 0, $pmt = 0, $pv = 0, $type = 0)
    {
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $nper = Functions::flattenSingleValue($nper);
        $pmt = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pmt);
        $pv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pv);
        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($type != 0 && $type != 1) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        // Calculate
        if ($rate !== null && $rate != 0) {
            return -$pv * pow(1 + $rate, $nper) - $pmt * (1 + $rate * $type) * (pow(1 + $rate, $nper) - 1) / $rate;
        }

        return -$pv - $pmt * $nper;
    }

    /**
     * FVSCHEDULE.
     *
     * Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates.
     * Use FVSCHEDULE to calculate the future value of an investment with a variable or adjustable rate.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        FVSCHEDULE(principal,schedule)
     *
     * @param float $principal the present value
     * @param float[] $schedule an array of interest rates to apply
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function FVSCHEDULE($principal, $schedule)
    {
        $principal = Functions::flattenSingleValue($principal);
        $schedule = Functions::flattenArray($schedule);

        foreach ($schedule as $rate) {
            $principal *= 1 + $rate;
        }

        return $principal;
    }

    /**
     * INTRATE.
     *
     * Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        INTRATE(settlement,maturity,investment,redemption[,basis])
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security settlement date is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param int $investment the amount invested in the security
     * @param int $redemption the amount to be received at maturity
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function INTRATE($settlement, $maturity, $investment, $redemption, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $investment = Functions::flattenSingleValue($investment);
        $redemption = Functions::flattenSingleValue($redemption);
        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        //    Validate
        if ((is_numeric($investment)) && (is_numeric($redemption)) && (is_numeric($basis))) {
            $investment = (float) $investment;
            $redemption = (float) $redemption;
            $basis = (int) $basis;
            if (($investment <= 0) || ($redemption <= 0)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity;
            }

            return (($redemption / $investment) - 1) / ($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity);
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * IPMT.
     *
     * Returns the interest payment for a given period for an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv[,fv][,type])
     *
     * @param float $rate Interest rate per period
     * @param int $per Period for which we want to find the interest
     * @param int $nper Number of periods
     * @param float $pv Present Value
     * @param float $fv Future Value
     * @param int $type Payment type: 0 = at the end of each period, 1 = at the beginning of each period
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function IPMT($rate, $per, $nper, $pv, $fv = 0, $type = 0)
    {
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $per = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($per);
        $nper = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($nper);
        $pv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pv);
        $fv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($fv);
        $type = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($type != 0 && $type != 1) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }
        if ($per <= 0 || $per > $nper) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        // Calculate
        $interestAndPrincipal = self::interestAndPrincipal($rate, $per, $nper, $pv, $fv, $type);

        return $interestAndPrincipal[0];
    }

    /**
     * IRR.
     *
     * Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows represented by the numbers in values.
     * These cash flows do not have to be even, as they would be for an annuity. However, the cash flows must occur
     * at regular intervals, such as monthly or annually. The internal rate of return is the interest rate received
     * for an investment consisting of payments (negative values) and income (positive values) that occur at regular
     * periods.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        IRR(values[,guess])
     *
     * @param float[] $values An array or a reference to cells that contain numbers for which you want
     *                                    to calculate the internal rate of return.
     *                                Values must contain at least one positive value and one negative value to
     *                                    calculate the internal rate of return.
     * @param float $guess A number that you guess is close to the result of IRR
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function IRR($values, $guess = 0.1)
    {
        if (!is_array($values)) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        $values = Functions::flattenArray($values);
        $guess = Functions::flattenSingleValue($guess);

        // create an initial range, with a root somewhere between 0 and guess
        $x1 = 0.0;
        $x2 = $guess;
        $f1 = self::NPV($x1, $values);
        $f2 = self::NPV($x2, $values);
        for ($i = 0; $i < self::FINANCIAL_MAX_ITERATIONS; ++$i) {
            if (($f1 * $f2) < 0.0) {
                break;
            }
            if (abs($f1) < abs($f2)) {
                $f1 = self::NPV($x1 += 1.6 * ($x1 - $x2), $values);
            } else {
                $f2 = self::NPV($x2 += 1.6 * ($x2 - $x1), $values);
            }
        }
        if (($f1 * $f2) > 0.0) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        $f = self::NPV($x1, $values);
        if ($f < 0.0) {
            $rtb = $x1;
            $dx = $x2 - $x1;
        } else {
            $rtb = $x2;
            $dx = $x1 - $x2;
        }

        for ($i = 0; $i < self::FINANCIAL_MAX_ITERATIONS; ++$i) {
            $dx *= 0.5;
            $x_mid = $rtb + $dx;
            $f_mid = self::NPV($x_mid, $values);
            if ($f_mid <= 0.0) {
                $rtb = $x_mid;
            }
            if ((abs($f_mid) < self::FINANCIAL_PRECISION) || (abs($dx) < self::FINANCIAL_PRECISION)) {
                return $x_mid;
            }
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * ISPMT.
     *
     * Returns the interest payment for an investment based on an interest rate and a constant payment schedule.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *     =ISPMT(interest_rate, period, number_payments, PV)
     *
     * interest_rate is the interest rate for the investment
     *
     * period is the period to calculate the interest rate.  It must be betweeen 1 and number_payments.
     *
     * number_payments is the number of payments for the annuity
     *
     * PV is the loan amount or present value of the payments
     */
    public static function ISPMT(...$args)
    {
        // Return value
        $returnValue = 0;

        // Get the parameters
        $aArgs = Functions::flattenArray($args);
        $interestRate = array_shift($aArgs);
        $period = array_shift($aArgs);
        $numberPeriods = array_shift($aArgs);
        $principleRemaining = array_shift($aArgs);

        // Calculate
        $principlePayment = ($principleRemaining * 1.0) / ($numberPeriods * 1.0);
        for ($i = 0; $i <= $period; ++$i) {
            $returnValue = $interestRate * $principleRemaining * -1;
            $principleRemaining -= $principlePayment;
            // principle needs to be 0 after the last payment, don't let floating point screw it up
            if ($i == $numberPeriods) {
                $returnValue = 0;
            }
        }

        return $returnValue;
    }

    /**
     * MIRR.
     *
     * Returns the modified internal rate of return for a series of periodic cash flows. MIRR considers both
     *        the cost of the investment and the interest received on reinvestment of cash.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        MIRR(values,finance_rate, reinvestment_rate)
     *
     * @param float[] $values An array or a reference to cells that contain a series of payments and
     *                                            income occurring at regular intervals.
     *                                        Payments are negative value, income is positive values.
     * @param float $finance_rate The interest rate you pay on the money used in the cash flows
     * @param float $reinvestment_rate The interest rate you receive on the cash flows as you reinvest them
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function MIRR($values, $finance_rate, $reinvestment_rate)
    {
        if (!is_array($values)) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        $values = Functions::flattenArray($values);
        $finance_rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($finance_rate);
        $reinvestment_rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($reinvestment_rate);
        $n = count($values);

        $rr = 1.0 + $reinvestment_rate;
        $fr = 1.0 + $finance_rate;

        $npv_pos = $npv_neg = 0.0;
        foreach ($values as $i => $v) {
            if ($v >= 0) {
                $npv_pos += $v / pow($rr, $i);
            } else {
                $npv_neg += $v / pow($fr, $i);
            }
        }

        if (($npv_neg == 0) || ($npv_pos == 0) || ($reinvestment_rate <= -1)) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        $mirr = pow((-$npv_pos * pow($rr, $n))
                / ($npv_neg * ($rr)), (1.0 / ($n - 1))) - 1.0;

        return is_finite($mirr) ? $mirr : Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * NOMINAL.
     *
     * Returns the nominal interest rate given the effective rate and the number of compounding payments per year.
     *
     * @param float $effect_rate Effective interest rate
     * @param int $npery Number of compounding payments per year
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function NOMINAL($effect_rate = 0, $npery = 0)
    {
        $effect_rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($effect_rate);
        $npery = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($npery);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($effect_rate <= 0 || $npery < 1) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        // Calculate
        return $npery * (pow($effect_rate + 1, 1 / $npery) - 1);
    }

    /**
     * NPER.
     *
     * Returns the number of periods for a cash flow with constant periodic payments (annuities), and interest rate.
     *
     * @param float $rate Interest rate per period
     * @param int $pmt Periodic payment (annuity)
     * @param float $pv Present Value
     * @param float $fv Future Value
     * @param int $type Payment type: 0 = at the end of each period, 1 = at the beginning of each period
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function NPER($rate = 0, $pmt = 0, $pv = 0, $fv = 0, $type = 0)
    {
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $pmt = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pmt);
        $pv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pv);
        $fv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($fv);
        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($type != 0 && $type != 1) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        // Calculate
        if ($rate !== null && $rate != 0) {
            if ($pmt == 0 && $pv == 0) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }

            return log(($pmt * (1 + $rate * $type) / $rate - $fv) / ($pv + $pmt * (1 + $rate * $type) / $rate)) / log(1 + $rate);
        }
        if ($pmt == 0) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        return (-$pv - $fv) / $pmt;
    }

    /**
     * NPV.
     *
     * Returns the Net Present Value of a cash flow series given a discount rate.
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function NPV(...$args)
    {
        // Return value
        $returnValue = 0;

        // Loop through arguments
        $aArgs = Functions::flattenArray($args);

        // Calculate
        $rate = array_shift($aArgs);
        $countArgs = count($aArgs);
        for ($i = 1; $i <= $countArgs; ++$i) {
            // Is it a numeric value?
            if (is_numeric($aArgs[$i - 1])) {
                $returnValue += $aArgs[$i - 1] / pow(1 + $rate, $i);
            }
        }

        // Return
        return $returnValue;
    }

    /**
     * PDURATION.
     *
     * Calculates the number of periods required for an investment to reach a specified value.
     *
     * @param float $rate Interest rate per period
     * @param float $pv Present Value
     * @param float $fv Future Value
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function PDURATION($rate = 0, $pv = 0, $fv = 0)
    {
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $pv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pv);
        $fv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($fv);

        // Validate parameters
        if (!is_numeric($rate) || !is_numeric($pv) || !is_numeric($fv)) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        } elseif ($rate <= 0.0 || $pv <= 0.0 || $fv <= 0.0) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        return (log($fv) - log($pv)) / log(1 + $rate);
    }

    /**
     * PMT.
     *
     * Returns the constant payment (annuity) for a cash flow with a constant interest rate.
     *
     * @param float $rate Interest rate per period
     * @param int $nper Number of periods
     * @param float $pv Present Value
     * @param float $fv Future Value
     * @param int $type Payment type: 0 = at the end of each period, 1 = at the beginning of each period
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function PMT($rate = 0, $nper = 0, $pv = 0, $fv = 0, $type = 0)
    {
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $nper = Functions::flattenSingleValue($nper);
        $pv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pv);
        $fv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($fv);
        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($type != 0 && $type != 1) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        // Calculate
        if ($rate !== null && $rate != 0) {
            return (-$fv - $pv * pow(1 + $rate, $nper)) / (1 + $rate * $type) / ((pow(1 + $rate, $nper) - 1) / $rate);
        }

        return (-$pv - $fv) / $nper;
    }

    /**
     * PPMT.
     *
     * Returns the interest payment for a given period for an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate.
     *
     * @param float $rate Interest rate per period
     * @param int $per Period for which we want to find the interest
     * @param int $nper Number of periods
     * @param float $pv Present Value
     * @param float $fv Future Value
     * @param int $type Payment type: 0 = at the end of each period, 1 = at the beginning of each period
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function PPMT($rate, $per, $nper, $pv, $fv = 0, $type = 0)
    {
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $per = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($per);
        $nper = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($nper);
        $pv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pv);
        $fv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($fv);
        $type = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($type != 0 && $type != 1) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }
        if ($per <= 0 || $per > $nper) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        // Calculate
        $interestAndPrincipal = self::interestAndPrincipal($rate, $per, $nper, $pv, $fv, $type);

        return $interestAndPrincipal[1];
    }

    public static function PRICE($settlement, $maturity, $rate, $yield, $redemption, $frequency, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $rate = (float) Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $yield = (float) Functions::flattenSingleValue($yield);
        $redemption = (float) Functions::flattenSingleValue($redemption);
        $frequency = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
        $basis = ($basis === null) ? 0 : (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        if (is_string($settlement = DateTime::getDateValue($settlement))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        if (is_string($maturity = DateTime::getDateValue($maturity))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        if (($settlement > $maturity) ||
            (!self::isValidFrequency($frequency)) ||
            (($basis < 0) || ($basis > 4))) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        $dsc = self::COUPDAYSNC($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $basis);
        $e = self::COUPDAYS($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $basis);
        $n = self::COUPNUM($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $basis);
        $a = self::COUPDAYBS($settlement, $maturity, $frequency, $basis);

        $baseYF = 1.0 + ($yield / $frequency);
        $rfp = 100 * ($rate / $frequency);
        $de = $dsc / $e;

        $result = $redemption / pow($baseYF, (--$n + $de));
        for ($k = 0; $k <= $n; ++$k) {
            $result += $rfp / (pow($baseYF, ($k + $de)));
        }
        $result -= $rfp * ($a / $e);

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * PRICEDISC.
     *
     * Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security.
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security settlement date is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param int $discount The security's discount rate
     * @param int $redemption The security's redemption value per $100 face value
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function PRICEDISC($settlement, $maturity, $discount, $redemption, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $discount = (float) Functions::flattenSingleValue($discount);
        $redemption = (float) Functions::flattenSingleValue($redemption);
        $basis = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        //    Validate
        if ((is_numeric($discount)) && (is_numeric($redemption)) && (is_numeric($basis))) {
            if (($discount <= 0) || ($redemption <= 0)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity;
            }

            return $redemption * (1 - $discount * $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity);
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * PRICEMAT.
     *
     * Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity.
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security's settlement date is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param mixed $issue The security's issue date
     * @param int $rate The security's interest rate at date of issue
     * @param int $yield The security's annual yield
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function PRICEMAT($settlement, $maturity, $issue, $rate, $yield, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $issue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($issue);
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $yield = Functions::flattenSingleValue($yield);
        $basis = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        //    Validate
        if (is_numeric($rate) && is_numeric($yield)) {
            if (($rate <= 0) || ($yield <= 0)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            $daysPerYear = self::daysPerYear(DateTime::YEAR($settlement), $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysPerYear)) {
                return $daysPerYear;
            }
            $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement = DateTime::YEARFRAC($issue, $settlement, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement;
            }
            $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement *= $daysPerYear;
            $daysBetweenIssueAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($issue, $maturity, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenIssueAndMaturity)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenIssueAndMaturity;
            }
            $daysBetweenIssueAndMaturity *= $daysPerYear;
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity;
            }
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity *= $daysPerYear;

            return (100 + (($daysBetweenIssueAndMaturity / $daysPerYear) * $rate * 100)) /
                   (1 + (($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity / $daysPerYear) * $yield)) -
                   (($daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement / $daysPerYear) * $rate * 100);
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * PV.
     *
     * Returns the Present Value of a cash flow with constant payments and interest rate (annuities).
     *
     * @param float $rate Interest rate per period
     * @param int $nper Number of periods
     * @param float $pmt Periodic payment (annuity)
     * @param float $fv Future Value
     * @param int $type Payment type: 0 = at the end of each period, 1 = at the beginning of each period
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function PV($rate = 0, $nper = 0, $pmt = 0, $fv = 0, $type = 0)
    {
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $nper = Functions::flattenSingleValue($nper);
        $pmt = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pmt);
        $fv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($fv);
        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);

        // Validate parameters
        if ($type != 0 && $type != 1) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        // Calculate
        if ($rate !== null && $rate != 0) {
            return (-$pmt * (1 + $rate * $type) * ((pow(1 + $rate, $nper) - 1) / $rate) - $fv) / pow(1 + $rate, $nper);
        }

        return -$fv - $pmt * $nper;
    }

    /**
     * RATE.
     *
     * Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity.
     * RATE is calculated by iteration and can have zero or more solutions.
     * If the successive results of RATE do not converge to within 0.0000001 after 20 iterations,
     * RATE returns the #NUM! error value.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        RATE(nper,pmt,pv[,fv[,type[,guess]]])
     *
     * @category Financial Functions
     *
     * @param float $nper The total number of payment periods in an annuity
     * @param float $pmt The payment made each period and cannot change over the life
     *                                    of the annuity.
     *                                Typically, pmt includes principal and interest but no other
     *                                    fees or taxes.
     * @param float $pv The present value - the total amount that a series of future
     *                                    payments is worth now
     * @param float $fv The future value, or a cash balance you want to attain after
     *                                    the last payment is made. If fv is omitted, it is assumed
     *                                    to be 0 (the future value of a loan, for example, is 0).
     * @param int $type A number 0 or 1 and indicates when payments are due:
     *                                        0 or omitted    At the end of the period.
     *                                        1                At the beginning of the period.
     * @param float $guess Your guess for what the rate will be.
     *                                    If you omit guess, it is assumed to be 10 percent.
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function RATE($nper, $pmt, $pv, $fv = 0.0, $type = 0, $guess = 0.1)
    {
        $nper = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($nper);
        $pmt = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pmt);
        $pv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pv);
        $fv = ($fv === null) ? 0.0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($fv);
        $type = ($type === null) ? 0 : (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);
        $guess = ($guess === null) ? 0.1 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($guess);

        $rate = $guess;
        if (abs($rate) < self::FINANCIAL_PRECISION) {
            $y = $pv * (1 + $nper * $rate) + $pmt * (1 + $rate * $type) * $nper + $fv;
        } else {
            $f = exp($nper * log(1 + $rate));
            $y = $pv * $f + $pmt * (1 / $rate + $type) * ($f - 1) + $fv;
        }
        $y0 = $pv + $pmt * $nper + $fv;
        $y1 = $pv * $f + $pmt * (1 / $rate + $type) * ($f - 1) + $fv;

        // find root by secant method
        $i = $x0 = 0.0;
        $x1 = $rate;
        while ((abs($y0 - $y1) > self::FINANCIAL_PRECISION) && ($i < self::FINANCIAL_MAX_ITERATIONS)) {
            $rate = ($y1 * $x0 - $y0 * $x1) / ($y1 - $y0);
            $x0 = $x1;
            $x1 = $rate;
            if (($nper * abs($pmt)) > ($pv - $fv)) {
                $x1 = abs($x1);
            }
            if (abs($rate) < self::FINANCIAL_PRECISION) {
                $y = $pv * (1 + $nper * $rate) + $pmt * (1 + $rate * $type) * $nper + $fv;
            } else {
                $f = exp($nper * log(1 + $rate));
                $y = $pv * $f + $pmt * (1 / $rate + $type) * ($f - 1) + $fv;
            }

            $y0 = $y1;
            $y1 = $y;
            ++$i;
        }

        return $rate;
    }

    /**
     * RECEIVED.
     *
     * Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security.
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                The security settlement date is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param int $investment The amount invested in the security
     * @param int $discount The security's discount rate
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function RECEIVED($settlement, $maturity, $investment, $discount, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $investment = (float) Functions::flattenSingleValue($investment);
        $discount = (float) Functions::flattenSingleValue($discount);
        $basis = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        //    Validate
        if ((is_numeric($investment)) && (is_numeric($discount)) && (is_numeric($basis))) {
            if (($investment <= 0) || ($discount <= 0)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity;
            }

            return $investment / (1 - ($discount * $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity));
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * RRI.
     *
     * Calculates the interest rate required for an investment to grow to a specified future value .
     *
     * @param float $nper The number of periods over which the investment is made
     * @param float $pv Present Value
     * @param float $fv Future Value
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function RRI($nper = 0, $pv = 0, $fv = 0)
    {
        $nper = Functions::flattenSingleValue($nper);
        $pv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($pv);
        $fv = Functions::flattenSingleValue($fv);

        // Validate parameters
        if (!is_numeric($nper) || !is_numeric($pv) || !is_numeric($fv)) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        } elseif ($nper <= 0.0 || $pv <= 0.0 || $fv < 0.0) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        return pow($fv / $pv, 1 / $nper) - 1;
    }

    /**
     * SLN.
     *
     * Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period
     *
     * @param mixed $cost Initial cost of the asset
     * @param mixed $salvage Value at the end of the depreciation
     * @param mixed $life Number of periods over which the asset is depreciated
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function SLN($cost, $salvage, $life)
    {
        $cost = Functions::flattenSingleValue($cost);
        $salvage = Functions::flattenSingleValue($salvage);
        $life = Functions::flattenSingleValue($life);

        // Calculate
        if ((is_numeric($cost)) && (is_numeric($salvage)) && (is_numeric($life))) {
            if ($life < 0) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }

            return ($cost - $salvage) / $life;
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * SYD.
     *
     * Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period.
     *
     * @param mixed $cost Initial cost of the asset
     * @param mixed $salvage Value at the end of the depreciation
     * @param mixed $life Number of periods over which the asset is depreciated
     * @param mixed $period Period
     *
     * @return float|string
     */
    public static function SYD($cost, $salvage, $life, $period)
    {
        $cost = Functions::flattenSingleValue($cost);
        $salvage = Functions::flattenSingleValue($salvage);
        $life = Functions::flattenSingleValue($life);
        $period = Functions::flattenSingleValue($period);

        // Calculate
        if ((is_numeric($cost)) && (is_numeric($salvage)) && (is_numeric($life)) && (is_numeric($period))) {
            if (($life < 1) || ($period > $life)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }

            return (($cost - $salvage) * ($life - $period + 1) * 2) / ($life * ($life + 1));
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * TBILLEQ.
     *
     * Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill.
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The Treasury bill's settlement date.
     *                                The Treasury bill's settlement date is the date after the issue date when the Treasury bill is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The Treasury bill's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the Treasury bill expires.
     * @param int $discount The Treasury bill's discount rate
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function TBILLEQ($settlement, $maturity, $discount)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $discount = Functions::flattenSingleValue($discount);

        //    Use TBILLPRICE for validation
        $testValue = self::TBILLPRICE($settlement, $maturity, $discount);
        if (is_string($testValue)) {
            return $testValue;
        }

        if (is_string($maturity = DateTime::getDateValue($maturity))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        if (Functions::getCompatibilityMode() == Functions::COMPATIBILITY_OPENOFFICE) {
            ++$maturity;
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity) * 360;
        } else {
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = (DateTime::getDateValue($maturity) - DateTime::getDateValue($settlement));
        }

        return (365 * $discount) / (360 - $discount * $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity);
    }

    /**
     * TBILLPRICE.
     *
     * Returns the yield for a Treasury bill.
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The Treasury bill's settlement date.
     *                                The Treasury bill's settlement date is the date after the issue date when the Treasury bill is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The Treasury bill's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the Treasury bill expires.
     * @param int $discount The Treasury bill's discount rate
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function TBILLPRICE($settlement, $maturity, $discount)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $discount = Functions::flattenSingleValue($discount);

        if (is_string($maturity = DateTime::getDateValue($maturity))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        //    Validate
        if (is_numeric($discount)) {
            if ($discount <= 0) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }

            if (Functions::getCompatibilityMode() == Functions::COMPATIBILITY_OPENOFFICE) {
                ++$maturity;
                $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity) * 360;
                if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity)) {
                    //    return date error
                    return $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity;
                }
            } else {
                $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = (DateTime::getDateValue($maturity) - DateTime::getDateValue($settlement));
            }

            if ($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity > 360) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }

            $price = 100 * (1 - (($discount * $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity) / 360));
            if ($price <= 0) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }

            return $price;
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * TBILLYIELD.
     *
     * Returns the yield for a Treasury bill.
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The Treasury bill's settlement date.
     *                                The Treasury bill's settlement date is the date after the issue date when the Treasury bill is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The Treasury bill's maturity date.
     *                                The maturity date is the date when the Treasury bill expires.
     * @param int $price The Treasury bill's price per $100 face value
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function TBILLYIELD($settlement, $maturity, $price)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $price = Functions::flattenSingleValue($price);

        //    Validate
        if (is_numeric($price)) {
            if ($price <= 0) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }

            if (Functions::getCompatibilityMode() == Functions::COMPATIBILITY_OPENOFFICE) {
                ++$maturity;
                $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity) * 360;
                if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity)) {
                    //    return date error
                    return $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity;
                }
            } else {
                $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = (DateTime::getDateValue($maturity) - DateTime::getDateValue($settlement));
            }

            if ($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity > 360) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }

            return ((100 - $price) / $price) * (360 / $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity);
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    public static function XIRR($values, $dates, $guess = 0.1)
    {
        if ((!is_array($values)) && (!is_array($dates))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        $values = Functions::flattenArray($values);
        $dates = Functions::flattenArray($dates);
        $guess = Functions::flattenSingleValue($guess);
        if (count($values) != count($dates)) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }

        // create an initial range, with a root somewhere between 0 and guess
        $x1 = 0.0;
        $x2 = $guess;
        $f1 = self::XNPV($x1, $values, $dates);
        $f2 = self::XNPV($x2, $values, $dates);
        for ($i = 0; $i < self::FINANCIAL_MAX_ITERATIONS; ++$i) {
            if (($f1 * $f2) < 0.0) {
                break;
            } elseif (abs($f1) < abs($f2)) {
                $f1 = self::XNPV($x1 += 1.6 * ($x1 - $x2), $values, $dates);
            } else {
                $f2 = self::XNPV($x2 += 1.6 * ($x2 - $x1), $values, $dates);
            }
        }
        if (($f1 * $f2) > 0.0) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        $f = self::XNPV($x1, $values, $dates);
        if ($f < 0.0) {
            $rtb = $x1;
            $dx = $x2 - $x1;
        } else {
            $rtb = $x2;
            $dx = $x1 - $x2;
        }

        for ($i = 0; $i < self::FINANCIAL_MAX_ITERATIONS; ++$i) {
            $dx *= 0.5;
            $x_mid = $rtb + $dx;
            $f_mid = self::XNPV($x_mid, $values, $dates);
            if ($f_mid <= 0.0) {
                $rtb = $x_mid;
            }
            if ((abs($f_mid) < self::FINANCIAL_PRECISION) || (abs($dx) < self::FINANCIAL_PRECISION)) {
                return $x_mid;
            }
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * XNPV.
     *
     * Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic.
     * To calculate the net present value for a series of cash flows that is periodic, use the NPV function.
     *
     * Excel Function:
     *        =XNPV(rate,values,dates)
     *
     * @param float $rate the discount rate to apply to the cash flows
     * @param array of float    $values     A series of cash flows that corresponds to a schedule of payments in dates.
     *                                         The first payment is optional and corresponds to a cost or payment that occurs at the beginning of the investment.
     *                                         If the first value is a cost or payment, it must be a negative value. All succeeding payments are discounted based on a 365-day year.
     *                                         The series of values must contain at least one positive value and one negative value.
     * @param array of mixed    $dates      A schedule of payment dates that corresponds to the cash flow payments.
     *                                         The first payment date indicates the beginning of the schedule of payments.
     *                                         All other dates must be later than this date, but they may occur in any order.
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function XNPV($rate, $values, $dates)
    {
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        if (!is_numeric($rate)) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        if ((!is_array($values)) || (!is_array($dates))) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }
        $values = Functions::flattenArray($values);
        $dates = Functions::flattenArray($dates);
        $valCount = count($values);
        if ($valCount != count($dates)) {
            return Functions::NAN();
        }
        if ((min($values) > 0) || (max($values) < 0)) {
            return Functions::VALUE();
        }

        $xnpv = 0.0;
        for ($i = 0; $i < $valCount; ++$i) {
            if (!is_numeric($values[$i])) {
                return Functions::VALUE();
            }
            $xnpv += $values[$i] / pow(1 + $rate, DateTime::DATEDIF($dates[0], $dates[$i], 'd') / 365);
        }

        return (is_finite($xnpv)) ? $xnpv : Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * YIELDDISC.
     *
     * Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity.
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                    The security's settlement date is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                    The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param int $price The security's price per $100 face value
     * @param int $redemption The security's redemption value per $100 face value
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function YIELDDISC($settlement, $maturity, $price, $redemption, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $price = Functions::flattenSingleValue($price);
        $redemption = Functions::flattenSingleValue($redemption);
        $basis = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        //    Validate
        if (is_numeric($price) && is_numeric($redemption)) {
            if (($price <= 0) || ($redemption <= 0)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            $daysPerYear = self::daysPerYear(DateTime::YEAR($settlement), $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysPerYear)) {
                return $daysPerYear;
            }
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity;
            }
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity *= $daysPerYear;

            return (($redemption - $price) / $price) * ($daysPerYear / $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity);
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }

    /**
     * YIELDMAT.
     *
     * Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity.
     *
     * @param mixed $settlement The security's settlement date.
     *                                   The security's settlement date is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
     * @param mixed $maturity The security's maturity date.
     *                                   The maturity date is the date when the security expires.
     * @param mixed $issue The security's issue date
     * @param int $rate The security's interest rate at date of issue
     * @param int $price The security's price per $100 face value
     * @param int $basis The type of day count to use.
     *                                        0 or omitted    US (NASD) 30/360
     *                                        1                Actual/actual
     *                                        2                Actual/360
     *                                        3                Actual/365
     *                                        4                European 30/360
     *
     * @return float
     */
    public static function YIELDMAT($settlement, $maturity, $issue, $rate, $price, $basis = 0)
    {
        $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
        $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
        $issue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($issue);
        $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
        $price = Functions::flattenSingleValue($price);
        $basis = (int) Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);

        //    Validate
        if (is_numeric($rate) && is_numeric($price)) {
            if (($rate <= 0) || ($price <= 0)) {
                return Functions::NAN();
            }
            $daysPerYear = self::daysPerYear(DateTime::YEAR($settlement), $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysPerYear)) {
                return $daysPerYear;
            }
            $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement = DateTime::YEARFRAC($issue, $settlement, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement;
            }
            $daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement *= $daysPerYear;
            $daysBetweenIssueAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($issue, $maturity, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenIssueAndMaturity)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenIssueAndMaturity;
            }
            $daysBetweenIssueAndMaturity *= $daysPerYear;
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity = DateTime::YEARFRAC($settlement, $maturity, $basis);
            if (!is_numeric($daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity)) {
                //    return date error
                return $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity;
            }
            $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity *= $daysPerYear;

            return ((1 + (($daysBetweenIssueAndMaturity / $daysPerYear) * $rate) - (($price / 100) + (($daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement / $daysPerYear) * $rate))) /
                   (($price / 100) + (($daysBetweenIssueAndSettlement / $daysPerYear) * $rate))) *
                   ($daysPerYear / $daysBetweenSettlementAndMaturity);
        }

        return Functions::VALUE();
    }
}
